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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">spbmedicalrecords</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Новые Санкт-Петербургские врачебные ведомости</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>New St. Petersburg Medical Records</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1609-2201</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет имени академика И.П. Павлова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24884/1609-2201-2025-104-4-31-38</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">spbmedicalrecords-113</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Легочная функция и фенотипы при бронхиальной астме</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pulmonary function and phenotypes in bronchial asthma</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-674X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Айсанов</surname><given-names>З. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aisanov</surname><given-names>Z. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Айсанов Заурбек Рамазанович, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, профессор кафедры пульмонологии факультета дополнительного профессионального образования</p><p>Москва</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zaurbek R. Aisanov, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), professor, professor of the Department of Pulmonology, Faculty of Additional Professional Education</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aisanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н. И. Пирогова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian National Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>38</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Айсанов З.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Айсанов З.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aisanov Z.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.docved.ru/jour/article/view/113">https://www.docved.ru/jour/article/view/113</self-uri><abstract><p>Бронхиальная астма представляет собой гетерогенное заболевание с множественными фенотипами, различающимися по функциональным характеристикам и патофизиологическим механизмам. В настоящей работе представлен анализ взаимосвязей между показателями легочной функции и различными клиническими фенотипами астмы. Рассмотрены функциональные паттерны аллергического и неаллергического вариантов, астмы с ранним и поздним началом, эозинофильного и нейтрофильного фенотипов. Показано, что аллергическая астма характеризуется интермиттирующими нарушениями с хорошей обратимостью, в то время как поздно начавшаяся астма демонстрирует ускоренное снижение функции легких и склонность к ремоделированию. Особое внимание уделено роли малых дыхательных путей в патогенезе заболевания и необходимости использования специализированных методов их оценки. Обсуждается значение биомаркеров воспаления для точного фенотипирования и выбора персонализированной терапии. Подчеркивается, что интеграция функциональных параметров с клиническими и молекулярными данными позволяет оптимизировать диагностику, мониторинг и лечение бронхиальной астмы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease with multiple phenotypes that differ in functional characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms. This paper presents a critical analysis of the relationships between pulmonary function parameters and various clinical phenotypes of asthma. Functional patterns of allergic and non-allergic variants, early-onset and late-onset asthma, eosinophilic and neutrophilic phenotypes are reviewed. It is shown that allergic asthma is characterized by intermittent disturbances with good reversibility, while late-onset asthma demonstrates accelerated decline in lung function and tendency toward remodeling. Particular attention is paid to the role of small airways in disease pathogenesis and the need for specialized methods to assess their function. The significance of inflammatory biomarkers for accurate phenotyping and selection of personalized therapy is discussed. It is emphasized that integration of functional parameters with clinical and molecular data allows optimization of diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of bronchial asthma.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бронхиальная астма</kwd><kwd>фенотипы</kwd><kwd>функция легких</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры</kwd><kwd>персонализированная медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bronchial asthma</kwd><kwd>phenotypes</kwd><kwd>lung function</kwd><kwd>biomarkers</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Федосеев Г. Б., Трофимов В. И., Шайлиева Л. О. и др. 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